Scarletletter Symbolism :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes numerous things for imagery and as I would like to think the most emblematic were the platform scenes. There are an aggregate of three framework scenes and each has its own motivation and significance. Without the framework scenes this book would essentially leave you confused whatever was truly going on in light of the fact that the platform scenes truly mention to you what is happening and why. Â Â Â Â Â The first platform scene is fundamentally a prologue to the entire book. You realize who all the principle sanctions are and above all Hester and her awful wrongdoing she submitted. This is the first run through everybody sees Hester with the letter “A'; on her chest. Hester is an exceptionally daring lady for standing up on that platform before everybody in the town to gape at and for conceding that she had submitted infidelity. Additionally, it takes an exceptionally valiant individual to stand up for what they have faith in as she did by not telling who she had carried out the wrongdoing with. The entire story develops you to this purpose of discovering who Hester submitted infidelity with. By this point in the story you have some intimation who the dad of Pearl is yet until you get to the second framework scene you don’t know without a doubt. At the second platform scene Dimesdale is on the framework and Hester and Pearl come up and go along with him. Dimesdale is wearing out by the weight of his wrongdoing he submitted. He goes to the framework to admit to God and request a pardoning. At that point a cloud frames the letter “A'; in the sky and everybody thinks this represents blessed messenger in light of the fact that that’s how they see Dimesdale. At that point when Dimesdale goes to leave he leaves his glove on the platform to represent he was there and that he ought to have been up there with Hester and his little girl in any case. At that point when you think everything is going to end up being alright and nothing awful will happen to Hester and Pearl, Dimesdale goes up on the framework. This concerns Hester like it would anybody in her position. So Hester and Pearl go along with him again on the framework. Hester is wearing the Scarlet Letter like consistently and afterward Dimesdale shows his letter “A'; that he engraved over his heart.

American Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

American Literature - Essay Example These four pieces have been chosen cautiously to cover the most vital parts of the American way of life and the way of life of the American culture when all is said in done. The Godfather, The Great Gatsby, The Long GoodBye and The Social Network are four pieces which have been utilized in the paper to discover different examples in regards to the American lifestyle. These pieces are centering a specific point throughout the entire existence of America, where certain trends were evident and different claims had their own belongings of the general public, in this way all such perspective will be shrouded in the paper. For example, The Great Gatsby especially centered around the post World War I period when the American Elites had their own specific manner of life as they were profoundly enjoyed a sumptuous way of life loaded with desire and fixation on the material things. Essentially, The Godfather centers around the post WWII period which speaks to a time of progress by depicting th e narrative of a Mafia family which endures gravely because of the adjustments in the framework how the Mafia framework functions. Additionally, The Long Goodbye is another post WWII Classic scholarly piece which likewise attempts to depict the universe of Drug Mafia and the dangers of the framework winning around then in the American lifestyle. The Social Network, be that as it may, is a totally new and an ongoing structure which mirrors the present patterns of the American way of life. ... The desire for cash makes them much greedier; additionally the inclination to display their riches before others makes their lives self-destruct over the long haul. Furthermore, American claims have consistently incurred serious issues in the framework, and when the Americans attempt to utilize illicit techniques, issue are additionally confused. Likewise, the entirety of the pieces will in general show a slight progress in the American culture, and they depict that change is inescapable, anyway the change brings along different ramifications which are difficult to determine. It was seen that the virtual world which limit the issues, notwithstanding, this was never the situation as reflected in the paper. To make speculations with respect to the American lifestyle by means of the scholarly messages created by profoundly trustworthy craftsmen it is first imperative to break down the pieces individually. â€Å"The Great Gatsby† is the work of art and one of the most mainstream b ooks made by Scott Fitzgerald. The creator has consolidated a wide range of wrongs just as the great about the American culture during the time, by presenting various characters and associating those however various stories. The epic is a greater amount of crazy ride where occasions are occasions uncover different perspectives, and the most alarming ones, in this manner making a sensible situation of the time. The story spins around two principle characters, for example Scratch and Gatsby, anyway various supporting characters have additionally been presented. Scratch was a war veteran who intends to move to the city to utilize the metropolitan life to bring in some cash. On doing as such, he happens to live close to Gatsby, who is a mogul and tosses the most rich gatherings in now from time to time. Scratch additionally gets the chance to meet Daisy, who was fairly Gatsby's cousin, and both Daisy and Gatsby likewise a relationship

The 10 Gatsby Features You Should Actually Read

The 10 Gatsby Features You Should Actually Read The Internet has been all abuzz with  The Great Gatsby  this week. Its amazing what a big budget movie with lots of big names attached will do for a books popularity. Go figure. Weve waded through the offerings, and come up with a list of 10 posts that are actually worth your time. THE MOVIE   There isnt a lot in the movie section because I dont think reading a bunch of tepid reviews is really a productive use of anyones time. Heres a sampling of what articles stood out to me. The F. Scott Fitzgerald Songbook (WSJ)   This article gives a very detailed and well-reasoned argument for why a rap and hip-hop soundtrack is not suitable for Fitzgeralds work. And its not just because he has something against Jay-Z. The Great Gatsby: Debauchery in Disneyland  (Salon) Sure, its a less than favorable review of the movie, but its an amusing one.  OHerir argues that Baz Luhrman took a story that was already larger than life and made it  too  big. THE BOOK   Like I said, its really funny how a movie will make people interested in a book. Why Haruki Murakami Translated  The Great Gatsby (Galleycat) Murakami explains his intensely personal connection to the novel and how that translated to the page. Galleycat embedded the essay at the bottom of their post, so you dont have to make due with just a long quote. Schulz: Why I Despise  The Great Gatsby  (Vulture) This post from Schulz got a lot of attention when it first appeared, much of it negative. She hates the book, as do a lot of people (myself included), but thats not the problem. Its her reasoning. Judge for yourself. Nick Carraway is gay and in love with Gatsby (Salon) This article is another one that presents a very clear and well-researched argument to support its premise, which is exactly what the title suggests. Nick is into Gatsby. I buy it. Will The Real Great Gatsby Please Stand Up? (Smithsonian) Laskow examines the novel to see just how much of Fitzgeralds life made it into the book. There are private investigators and everything. Five Reasons Gatsby is the great American novel (USA Today) They present a pretty reasonable argument for why  Gatsby  outshines works like  To Kill a Mockingbird, Moby Dick, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,  or  The Sound and the Fury.  I dont agree, but they make a good case. Vinny Chase and a weaponized hat: 9 alternate universe takes on  The Great Gatsby  (AV Club)   The AV Club has put together a nice little rundown of the ways that  Gatsby  has been re-imagined in the 21st century, including an NES style video game. Was the Great Gatsby Broke? (NY Magazine) Kevin Roose breaks down Gatsbys finances. He doesnt run at as much of a  deficit as the US government, but he doesnt exactly have money in the bank, either. How Much Would it Cost to be the Great Gatsby? (My Voucher Codes) And, finally, an infographic from a coupon website in the UK  that explores what it would cost to live like Gatsby in todays economy. They arrived at a different figure than NY Magazine, but I think we all see that living Gatsby-style is not exactly economically sound. _______________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter or like us on Facebook. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day.

Essay about Securing Our Country The Department of...

1.) The major laws and regulations that direct the operations of the Department of Homeland Security are as follows; the Homeland Security Act of 2002, Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, and the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 was introduced after the September 11, 2001 attacks and mailing of anthrax. It was signed into law by then President George W. Bush in November 2002. It created both the United States Department of Homeland Security and the cabinet-level position of Secretary of Homeland Security ¹. The Acts first responsibility was to prevent terrorist attacks in the United States. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004†¦show more content†¦The Act formally authorized the establishment of the National Bio-surveillance Integration Center ³. Regulations that direct the operations of DHS are Title 6 of the Code of Federal Regulation; Part 7, 25, and 29. Pa rt 7 Classified National Security Information ensures that information within the Department of Homeland Security in relation to the national security is classified, safeguarded, and declassified4. Our democratic principles require that the American people be informed of the activities of their Government. Part 25 The Regulations to Support Anti-Terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies also known as the Safety Act provides important legal liability protections for providers of Qualified Anti-terrorism Technologies, whether they are products of services5. The goal of the Safety Act is to encourage the development and deployment of new and innovative anti-terrorism products and services by providing liability protections. Part 29 Protected Critical Infrastructure Information implements sections 211 through 215 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (HSA) through the establishment of uniform procedures for the receipt, care, and storage of Critical Infrastructure Information. Consis tent with the statutory mission of DHS to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States and reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism, DHS will encourage the voluntary submission of CII by safeguarding and protecting that informationShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Department of Homeland Security 1208 Words   |  5 Pagesto discuss the plan that the Department of Homeland Security has set forth for the years of 2012-2016. This plan outlines the entire vision of the department to essentially accomplish their missions and goals. The plan consists of missions varying from border security to cyber security. We must not forget the men and women on the front line working hard to ultimately secure and provide safety for the United States of America. The Department of Homeland Security National Strategic Plan was createdRead MoreTerrorism And The Acts Of Terrorists867 Words   |  4 Pageshave exacerbated tremendously over the past few years. This is largely due to the fact that terrorist groups are now more active in more countries than 9/11 (Bullock et al., 2013). Due to the growth of terrorist organizations and attacks, the United States is faced with new challenges. The challenges include: securing the United States from terrorism, homeland security growth and the possibility of another devastating terrorist attack. Even though these are challenges that are bound to affect the UnitedRead MoreThe Transportation Service Administration Directorate1734 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Transportation Service Administration directorate, which is a directorate under the department of homeland security. The main purpose of this directorate is to ensure the safety of the United States’ transport infrastructure. The main objectiv e of this paper is to analyze the objectives of the TSA and determine whether they are in alignment with the objectives of the department of homeland security. This ensures that the directorate works towards achieving the overall goal of the DHS as stipulatedRead MoreRole Of The Department Of Homeland Security1659 Words   |  7 Pagesintelligence capacity. Our citizens demanded a strong response that would prevent any future terrorist threat. President Bush created the Department of Homeland Security as the key agency responsible for all anti-terrorism activities to protect our homeland. Government officials and law makers introduced anti-terrorism laws and measures to allow key intelligence and counterterrorism agencies to protect us from terror. Outlining the role of the Department of Homeland Security depicts how this agencyRead MoreThe Differences Between Homeland Security And Homeland Defense1432 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing the difference between Homeland Security and Homeland Defense. I will be discussing the different roles that each department handles, which include each departments missions, tasks, duties, responsibilities, operations and other various issues that separate the two. I will also address the responsibilities of both homeland security and Homeland Defense that are shared between the two. Then I will use this information to provide my own description of Homeland Security. In the second half of thisRead MoreHomeland Security And The Security1435 Words   |  6 PagesDifferences The idea of securing the nation’s borders and securing the safety of the citizens has been a major topic since the beginning of the nation’s existence. There have always been means and procedures for it but it was never defined to the point it is today. The Homeland Security Department is a fairly new program which is constantly improving and adjusting in accordance to the threats that may arise. In the attempt to secure the United States, homeland security has become paramount and aRead MoreBorder Security1320 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Has Technology Improved Border Security Operations 1 Border Security Technology HAS TECHNOLOGY IMPROVED BORDER SECURITY OPERATIONS 2 Border Security Technology Border security is paramount to the security of the United States of America. There are 7,000 miles of land border with Canada and Mexico as wellRead MoreThe Strategic Challenges Of Homeland Security1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe six strategic challenges that the Department of Homeland Security has identified as â€Å"†¦prevailing challenges that pose the most strategically significant risk† are: terrorism, cyber terrorism, nuclear terrorism, biological concerns, transnational criminal organizations, as well as natural hazards (Department of Homeland Security. 2014). These six challenges all pose a threat to the safety of the homeland and because of that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS has to issue a review to CongressRead MoreTerrorism : A Global Issue Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesAngela Brown Professor Miller English 112 13 Sept 2015 Terrorism Many of us will embrace our loved ones before leaving our homes to start a hectic workday. As we hug our children and kiss our spouses goodbye, the thought of losing them, or our lives to acts of terrorism, is typically not one to cross our minds. On September 11, 2001, this mere thought became the reality for many families. The eleventh of September will forever be remembered as the date a terrorist organization, known as al-QaedaRead MoreDevelopments Of Securing The Nation s Ports788 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopments in securing the nation’s ports have occurred since September 11, 2001: According to American Association of Ports Authorities (n. d) the United States is served by some 360 commercial ports that provide approximately 3,200 cargo and passenger handling facilities and there are more than 150 deep draft seaports under the jurisdiction of 126 public seaport agencies located along the Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf and Great Lakes coasts, as well as in Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the

Building Support Systems For People With Psychiatric...

Carling, Paul J. Return to Community: Building Support Systems for People with Psychiatric Disabilities. New York: Guilford, 1995. Print. Return to Community: Build Support Systems for People with Psychiatric Disabilities by Paul Carling, explores broad and practical techniques to help people with serious mental illnesses transition back into society. The term used for the transition for people with mental illnesses is community integration. Carling assesses what current and past approaches have done to meet the needs of people with psychiatric disabilities and how the past research has not been sufficient. The author redefines what we think of people who are mentally ill by giving sources from families, survivors, and even medical companies. He explains that it is not just the family and friends of people with psychiatric disabilities that need to help integration, but the community in which the patient lives needs to step up to help. Carling explains ways in which we can change soc ieties attitude or arrogance on mental illnesses to help others transition back into civilization. Miller, Allison B., and Mark F. Lenzenweger. â€Å"Schizotypy, Social Cognition, and Interpersonal Sensitivity.† Journal of Abnormal Psychology Vol. 123 Issue 1 (2014): 190-204. EBSCO Host. Web. 18 Mar. 2015. In Allison’s Millers and Mark Lenzenwegers article â€Å"Schizotypy, Social Cognition, and Interpersonal Sensitivity†, they discus social understanding regarding schizophrenia can be a hard subjectShow MoreRelatedSex Addiction : An Addiction1340 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamental causes. Part of the argument is whether or not addiction is really a disease or just some ongoing desire that a person chooses not to stop indulging in. A dependence on sex, which is still not completely perceived as a genuine habit by numerous people, is still up for debate. In any case, specialists are beginning to acknowledge that individuals can become dependent to sex pretty much as they can liquor, medications, betting, and any legal or illegal sustenance. Similarly as with all addictionsRead More The United States’ Lack of Mental Health Care1598 Words   |  7 PagesAbout 75-80 million people in the United States are mentally ill to some extent (For the Mentally Ill, Finding Treatment Grows Harder). Many people are unaware of the treatments for the mentally ill and how few resources are available. Yes, if society looks from where society has come with the development of treatments, it has come a long ways. There is still more knowledge to be uncovered to ensure the United States gives the mentally ill care equal to what the United States gives the physicallyRead MoreA Day Treatment For Psychiatric Patients1265 Words   |  6 Pages When charged with building a day treatment for psychiatric patients that includes a population of schizophrenia, bi polar disorder and various types of addictions, you have to come up with a safe environment, detailed activities, and interact with the patients to set meaningful goals. Occupational Therapy is a profession that teaches meaningful, functional, and adaptive life skills. OT services can be beneficial to psychiatric patients because the negative cycle and disease is reversed by incorporatingRead MoreCanine Companion For Independence : A Nonprofit Agency Organization1600 Words   |  7 Pagesassistance dogs and follow-up services to adults, children, and veterans in need. CCI dogs function in a human services capacity, as therapy and guide dogs for those who are wheelchair bound, individuals who have a physical, emotional or developmental disability and those who are hearing impaired. This nonprofit agency has been in effect since 1975 and has a paid staff as well as volun teers who work well together to train the dogs and the consumer. They conduct fundraisers throughout the communities theyRead MoreAugmentative and Alternative Communication in Children Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagescommunication may benefit from AAC use. AAC systems provide a way for children with autism to communicate, enhance verbal language, and participate in social interaction. Systems of AAC include both high-tech and low-tech methods. High-tech methods consist of electronic devices such as the Apple iPad or iPod. Low-tech methods consist of non-electronic systems such as a Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) or manual signing. Different types of AAC systems give educators the option to choose theRead MoreOut Patient Mental Health Facility Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesOut-patient mental health facility Resources for Human Development (RHD) is a national human services nonprofit founded in 1970. The company currently oversees and supports more than 160 programs in 14 states. The programs fall under the following categories: Intellectual Disabilities, Behavioral Health, Addiction Recovery, Homelessness, Women Children, Family Health Counseling, Youth Development, Returning Citizens, Economic Development, Employment Training, Veterans, Nonprofit Incubator,Read MoreThe Behavioral Health Division Is A Community Mental Health Center1353 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary Helping People Succeed, Inc. is a nonprofit organization, the Behavioral Health division is a community mental health center that focus on children from the age of five to nineteen. Helping People Succeed have become a leader in the community due to the services they provided in Martin, St. Lucie, Okeechobee and Indian River counties. We serve over five hundred clients per year. Since the Medicaid expansion and mental health changes under the affordable healthcare in 2014. TheRead MoreThe Harriet Tubman Woman s Shelter Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesage of 18 who are in urgent need of housing, food or case management† (Catholic Charities Archdiocese of Washington, Inc., 2010). A low-barrier shelter is â€Å"usually primarily short-term shelter for individuals. Low-barrier shelter is designed to keep people safe, is often open only 12 hours a day, and is often in a congregate setting. This type of program is provided, on a first come, first served basis, to any adult pres enting as homeless. It is sometimes also referred to as emergency shelter† (InteragencyRead MoreThe Fountain House And New York945 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted in New York in 1948 with the idea that people with mental illness can effectively participate in their own recovery (The Fountain House, n.d.). Former patients of Rockland State Hospital, a psychiatric hospital in New York, began a self-help group and then formed WAWA (We Are Not Alone) (The Fountain House, n.d.). The first official meeting of We Are Not Alone was held at the Third Street YMCA in Manhattan. It started out as a support system for people with mental illness, but did not includeRead MoreChildren With Mental Illness : Fountain House942 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted in New York in 1948 with the idea that people with mental illness can effectively take part in their own recovery (The Fountain House, n.d.). Former patients of Rockland State Hospital, a psychiatric hospital in New York, began a self-help gr oup and then formed WAWA (We Are Not Alone) (The Fountain House, n.d.). We Are Not Alone held the first official meeting at the Third Street YMCA in Manhattan. It started out as a support system for people with mental disorders, but did not include treatment

Concept of Sustainable Development Free Essays

The concept of sustainable development is based on the rising environmental problems, socio-economic issues to do with poverty and inequality, and concerns about a healthy future for humanity. There is no definitive definition of sustainable development as it is thought of differently by many other people throughout the world. Sustainable Development is founded on the principle that mankind should advance without causing permanent damage to ecosystems and the resources they provide, how these resources are used, the processes that are used to get these resources and who has access to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Sustainable Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now All the above stated should be taken into consideration without posing risks to future generations. Sustainable development can be seen as as the connection between environment, society and economy, which is thought of being separate yet connected bodies. The economy is often given priority in policies and the environment is viewed as apart from humans. They are directly linked where the economy is dependent on society and the environment, and society is dependent on, and within the environment. Issues to do with society such as sustainability of communities and the maintenance of cultural diversity are often sidelined. Economics came to be the leading issue of human relations with economic growth, defined by increasing production, as the main priority. Changing the quality of growth, meeting important needs, merging environment and economics in decision making while emphasizing human development, participation in decisions and equality in benefits are things that can be done to eliminate poverty, meet human needs and ensure that all get a fair share of resources. Social justice today and in the future is a key component of the concept of sustainable development. This is seen as the key to humanity’s well-being and, through growth, poverty would be reduced. Most countries have no programs or policies that offer any real hope of narrowing the growing gap between rich and poor. This has caused damage to the environment which we depend on, with a downward spiral of poverty and environmental degradation. Environmental problems threaten people’s health, livelihoods and lives and threaten future generations. Global prosperity and human well-being can be achieved through increased global trade and industry. Green engineering is designing, building and manufacturing of products and processes including energy utilization and waste production that has the least negative impact on the environment possible. It includes all of the engineering disciplines, and is based off of current engineering design principles. Green Engineering can be defined as environmentally conscious attitudes, values, and principles, combined with science, technology, and engineering practice, all directed toward improving local and global environmental quality. It is usually used when referring to buildings, but it can be used for automobiles, lights or any other sort of system or device that requires engineering. Current design concepts in automobiles that are considered environmentally friendly are hybrid technologies; flex fuel vehicles, and even electricity. Though green engineering is somewhat more expensive, many countries, recognizing the value of this type of engineering by offering tax breaks and other incentives to the people and companies that incorporate its use. Green engineers need to understand how building materials, techniques and other components can be made in an environmentally-friendly way. This may include the use of solar powered appliances, especially water heaters, solar lights or windows and other design elements. Elements outside the building, such as the irrigation system and other landscaping features need to be taken into consideration also. It is likely that in the very near future we will be seeing â€Å"green cities† where cities are constructed to be healthy and environmentally friendly environments thus alleviating issues such as poverty in inequality within society. References 1. Abrahammson, K. V. 1997. Paradigms of sustainability. In S. Sorlin, ed. The road towards sustainability, A historical perspective, A sustainable Baltic Region, The Baltic University programme,Uppsalla University, pp. 30-35. 2. Hanna, S. Munasinghe, M. 1995. eds. Property rights in a social and ecological context, Case study and design apllications, The Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics and the World Bank, Washington D. C. 3. OECD. 1997. Environmental indicators for agriculture, Paris. 4. Robinson, J. Tinker, J. 1995. Reconciling ecological, economic and social imperatives: Toward an analytical framework, SDRI Discussion Papers Series, 1995-1, Sustainable Development Institute. Vancouver, Canada. 5. Anastas, P. T. , and Zimmerman, J. B. , â€Å"Design through the Twelve Principles of Green Engineering†, Env. Sci. and Tech. , 37, 5, 94A-101A, 2003. How to cite Concept of Sustainable Development, Papers

Old Mortality By Anne Porter Essays - Miranda, Amy Pond, You

Old Mortality By Anne Porter Throughout Katherine Anne Porters Old Mortality, a variety of elements are present. Some of which consist of romance, memories and the illusions instilled upon the legendary status of Amy. All of these elements play a solid role towards the persuasion of Miranda. They persuaded her into acting on certain ideas that she pulled out of the stories about her Aunt Amy. Now even though Aunt Amy was portrayed in a very special light, the elements that surrounded the story did not exactly have a positive effect on Maria and Miranda. What this paper is going to do is explain that all the above mentioned characteristics play a positive and negative role on the lives of the two children, Maria and Miranda. In the first chapter, Maria and Miranda were told the story about their Aunt Amy and their very romantic Uncle Gabriel. People spoke of Aunt Amy in a very loving way, but they masked the truth. They merely told the story the way that they felt it should have been told. There is no problem with this in the eyes of the brother and grandmother, but they neglect the idea that children at this age are very impressionable. This is definitely a negative aspect towards the exaggeration of how wonderful their Aunt Amy was. It carried the negative following because of many reason demonstrated throughout the story. First is that the buildup of Maria and Miranda's Aunt and Uncle were just the first step towards a larger let down in all facets. The first time that Maria and Miranda met Uncle Gabriel at the racetrack, after all of the good words spoken, they had a false idea of what he looked like, talked like, and acted like. They discovered that he wasn't the perfect looking man that he was made out to be, and that he wasn't as elegant as described. He was merely a large, loud spoken, sort of obnoxious gambler. He had a false identity stapled to him and his surroundings. It wasn't just the fact that he did not meet the description given to him, but the idea that things surrounding him were not all that they were made out to be either. This was Miranda's first dose of reality, and not just the stories that were being told to them. It was the first major disappointment that either Miranda or Maria faced and that changed a lot of things from that moment on. Miranda's childhood dream of becoming a horse jockey, due to all the fond memories experienced and told to her, was changed after she realized reality. On top of that, the idea of since their Aunt Amy's better half wasn't all he was made out to be; maybe she wasn't as perfect as everyone claimed her to be either. This is a very negative force in the novel, because it is the first step taken by Miranda to change her life and fall into the same trap as her Aunt Amy did. Another negative aspect of the memories, illusions, romance about Aunt Amy was that in the third chapter, Miranda is told the real version of the story about her Aunt Amy by her Aunt Eva. Aunt Eva is a"chinless, feminist, Latin-teaching, spinster." They meet on a train ride to Uncle Gabriel's funeral, and that is when, during the train ride, that Aunt Eva tells Miranda the whole story about her Aunt Amy. It wasn't a flattering story, it revealed such issues about how Amy was addicted to sex and that she was caught in some very compromised position. Not just about the scandal involving Amy and the stranger being underplayed by the family, but also about how maybe she did not die because of reasons believed, but maybe she committed suicide. Aunt Eva made Aunt Amy look like a wreck loose youngster not afraid of anything. She was wild, impure and not exactly in love, but looking for an escape from family and reality. At the end of her time all of this caught up to her and she had only one escape. This was the version told by Aunt Eva, and to Miranda's surprise, she has lived almost an identical life so far. She has participated in a broken marriage, she wants to escape the family mold and she wants to be free and wild. One thing though, Miranda refuses to acknowledge that this version of Aunt Amy's life is any less romantic or true then the other version that

The Fall Of Communism In Russia Essays - Perestroika, Eastern Bloc

The Fall Of Communism In Russia Essays - Perestroika, Eastern Bloc The Fall of Communism in Russia The Reasons for the fall of Socialism/Communism and the Troubles of Starting the New Democratic System in the Russian Federation "Let's not talk about Communism. Communism was just an idea, just pie in the sky." Boris Yeltsin (b. 1931), Russian politician, president. Remark during a visit to the U.S. Quoted in: Independent (London, 13 Sept. 1989). The fall of the Communist regime in the Soviet Union was more than a political event. The powerful bond between economics and politics that was the integral characteristic of the state socialist system created a situation that was unique for the successor states of the Soviet Union. The Communist regime was so ingrain in every aspect of Soviet life that the Russian people were left with little democratic tradition. Russia faces the seemingly impracticable task of economic liberalization and democratization. This is combined with the fact that the new administration must address human rights issues, such as living conditions and the supply of staple goods in this new form of administration makes the prospect of a full democratic switch seemingly impossible. To fully underezd the scope of the transference of governing power in the Russian Federation, one must first look at the old Socialist/Communist regime, to see the circumezces under which it fell gives a good view of why this transference is almost impossible. In the beginning Communism seemed to the people of Russia as a utopian ideal. The promise of the elimination of classes, of guaranteed employment , "The creation of a comprehensive social security and welfare system for all citizens that would end the misery of workers once and for all." Lenin's own interpretation of the Marxian critique was that to achieve Communism there would first have to be a socialist dictatorship to first suppress any dissent or protest. Through coercive tactics this new government seized power and in 1917 Lenin came to power. Under his "rule" the Soviet Union underwent radical changes in it's economic doctrines adopting a mixed economy which was termed the New Economic Policy also referred to as NEP, this economy called for some private ownership of the means of production, but the majority of industry was made property of the people, which meant the majority of the means of production was controlled by the government. Lenin's government made many achievements. It ended a long civil war against the remnants of the old Czarist military system and established institutions in government. During this period, and in fact throughout the majority of the Communist rule, censorship and the subordination of interest groups such as trade unions was imposed to stop dissension and increase conformity to the new governments policies. Lenin died in 1924, and was quickly followed by Joseph Stalin as head of the Soviet Communist Party, the oppressive reforms started by Lenin were continued and at length became completely totalitarian. Stalin became the most powerful man in Russia. He controlled to bulk of all the political power and with that he started a ruthless campaign of removing all opposition to the Communist rule. During this period called the "Great Purge" Stalin systemically executed anyone who stood in his path. Millions of people were arrested and either harassed or killed. The economic status of the Soviet Union was yet again changed and the entire system became controlled by the government. All private ownership ended. A mass program of industrialization was commenced, and the strength of the Soviet Military was subeztially increased. The citizens during this period endured great hardship. Agricultural production output diminished resulting in food shortages, these shortages were enha! nce by the mass exportation of food, this was done to pay for industrial imports. Stalin also put the production of what he called production goods such as manufacturing machinery over basic consumer goods such as clothes and other staples. During this period the Second World War broke out and drained most of what was left of the already impoverished state. Yet after the war national unity was strengthened as well is the Soviet military machine. The Soviet Union became a super power, the U.S. being the only country more powerful than it. After the death of Stalin in 1953 Nikita Khrushchev became First Secretary of

Simple French Verb Conjugations of Tondre (to Mow)

Simple French Verb Conjugations of Tondre (to Mow) Though  tondre  is the French verb thats often used for to mow, it can also be used for to shear or to fleece. While that may be pretty easy to remember, you will also need to know the conjugations of  tondre. This lesson will help you out and teach you to say things such as he is mowing or we sheered. The Basic Conjugations of  Tondre Tondre is a regular -re verb. While it is not the French languages most common conjugation pattern, there are other useful verbs in this category. Consider studying tondre along with words like entendre (to understand) or vendre (to sell) to make each a little easier to remember. Once you study a few regular verbs that end in -re, you will notice the pattern. For instance, in the  je  present tense, an  s  is added to the verb stem (tond-) to produce  je tonds  (I am mowing). Likewise, in the  nous  imperfect past tense, -ions  is the ending and it produces  nous tondions  (we mowed). Use the chart to study these basic indicative mood forms by matching the subject pronoun with the proper tense for your sentence. Present Future Imperfect je tonds tondrai tondais tu tonds tondras tondais il tond tondra tondait nous tondons tondrons tondions vous tondez tondrez tondiez ils tondent tondront tondaient The Present Participle of  Tondre As with all regular -re and -er verbs, forming the present participle of tondre is as simple as adding -ant to the stem. This gives you the word tondant. Tondre  in the Compound Past Tense The French compound past tense is known as the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  and it has two elements. The first is the present tense conjugate of the auxiliary verb  avoir  and the second is the  past participle  tondu. Putting the two together gives us phrases like  jai tondu  (I mowed) and  nous avons tondu  (we mowed). More Simple Conjugations of  Tondre You might also want to have questions about the act of mowing and that means you can use  tondre  in  the subjunctive. If, however, it is in some way dependent on something else (no rain, perhaps), then you can use  the conditional. Its most likely that you will only encounter  the passà © simple  and  imperfect subjunctive  in written French. Theyre both literary tenses and often reserved for formal literature rather than conversations. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je tonde tondrais tondis tondisse tu tondes tondrais tondis tondisses il tonde tondrait tondit tondt nous tondions tondrions tondmes tondissions vous tondiez tondriez tondtes tondissiez ils tondent tondraient tondirent tondissent Should you need to be forceful in telling someone to mow, use tondre in the  imperative. When doing so, skip the subject pronoun and simply tell them to Tonds ! Imperative (tu) tonds (nous) tondons (vous) tondez

The Feminine Mystique And The Paradox Of Change - American Women In Essay

The Feminine Mystique And The Paradox Of Change - American Women In The 20th Century - Essay Example As a result of the survey, Friedan formed the view that women were victims of an erroneous contention that their fulfillment in life could only be achieved â€Å"through their husbands and children†¦such a system causes women to completely lose their identity in that of their family† (Friedan 227-268). In contrast to William Chafe, Betty Friedan confines her observations mainly to the period immediately following World War II and to a single group: â€Å"white middle-class suburban communities†¦[and] that men returning from war turned to their wives for mothering† (Friedan 79-123). Friedan draws copiously on her own experiences and â€Å"remembers her own decision to conform to society’s expectations by giving up her promising career to raise children and found that other young women still struggle with this decision† William H. Chafe Chafe’s method of dealing with the development of American women’s position in the 20th century is to consider how women - in regard to both their social and economic status – underwent a series of changes. In order to achieve this, he took as his central theme the factors underlying women’s inequality and evaluated it in terms of their â€Å"political involvement in public life and their economic progress† (Chafe 21; Otero-Cleves 1). By considering how the role of women in the 20th century had developed, he was able to offer the suggestion. â€Å"The assumption that women constituted a separate and inferior category ended up by pervading both the assignment of women personnel and the salaries they were paid†.

Karl Marx and Emile Durkheimcitizens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Karl Marx and Emile Durkheimcitizens - Essay Example He believes that the individual understands and fits into their society through "Their understanding of religious origin; they are social affairs and the product of collective thought" (Giddens). While the two philosophers had differing opinions on how a society is formed, they are similar in that they both studied how the individual fits into and reacts to their societies. Marx's theory of "fetishism of commodities" first introduced in his main work Capital, focuses on the capitalist society's obsession with goods and its devaluing of labor. He believes, "Commodities are seen as having power over the people who produce them" (Tucker). Therefore members in a capitalist society begin to function in a cycle of laboring for goods. They strive for more and more commodities and work harder and harder to get them, losing focus on the true value of the commodities. This kind of society loses the relationship between the producer and the consumer because the producer only sees the commodity according to the work that he put in to produce it while the consumer values the commodity at face value since they are unaware of what kind of labor went into producing it. Marx's theory reveals a society that is formed out of and run by commodities.

Facilities Available To Small Medium Enterprises In Mauritius Economics Essay

Facilities Available To Small Medium Enterprises In Mauritius Economics Essay Small and Medium Enterprises have been given differing definitions around the globe. Some countries refer to the number of employees as their distinctive criteria, some to the amount of invested capital in the business, and others a combine the amount of annual turnover, capital employed and type of industry. The definition of SMEs in Mauritius has evolved throughout the past years. According to the Small Scale Industry Act of 1988, a Small Enterprise is one which is engaged in manufacturing1 and which uses production equipment, the aggregate CIF value of which does not exceed Rs 500,000. The Industrial Expansion Act 1993 defines SMEs as enterprises which : are engaged in manufacturing use production equipment, the CIF value of which does not exceed Rs 10 m With time, came the Small and Medium Industry and Development Authority Act (SMIDO Act 1993) according to which SMEs are defined in terms of the size of capital employed and was an extension to the SSI Act 1988 definition. SMEs are defined as enterprises engaged in manufacturing and using production equipment in their manufacturing process which includes transformation/conversion of raw materials, repair, packing, assembly of semi-finished parts into finished goods. The production equipment refers to equipment directly related to production. Such value of production should not exceed Rs 5 million (SMIDO Act 1993). A revision of this definition by the SMIDO Act 1998 altered the value of production of Rs 5m to Rs 10m. Worth pointing out in those definitions quoted above that they consider only the manufacturing sector. Thus for this study, the most appropriate definition found was that of the SMEDA Act, which includes enterprises in all economic sectors, and so as to avoid sector specific criteria, turnover criteria is being used across sectors. Therefore, the SMEDA Act defines : Small enterprises as those who have an annual turnover of not more than 10 million MUR, and Medium Enterprises as those with an annual turnover of more than 10 million MUR but not more than 50 million MUR. 1. Manufacturing : transformation for commercial purposes of raw materials or semi-processed materials into finished or semi-finished goods including the repair, packaging and assembly of inputs into finished or semi-finished goods. For the study, both small and medium enterprises will be considered. Contribution of SMEs SMEs are the largest group of industrial units in most developing countries and make a significant contribution to manufacturing output and employment (Wignaraja 2003, p.2). According to the Organisation for Economic Coorperation and Development (OECD), factors such as a countrys economic patterns, social and cultural dimensions are reflected though their SMEs. Storey (1994) points out that small firms, no matter how they are defined, make up the bulk of enterprises in all economies around the world. The latter half of the last century has witnessed widespread roles SMEs and this cannot, in any way, be understated (Bygrave, 1994;Timmons,1994). On the issue of job creation, Andrew Stone (World Bank, 1997, Facts About Small business 1997) said that SMEs create more employment than large enterprises and with a lower investment per job created. To the layman, it is clear that creation of a Small and Medium enterprise is synonymous to job creation and economic growth. This fact is indeed not false. The positive link between SMEs and employment creation, poverty alleviation, and economic growth is universally acknowledged (Beyenne, 2000). In several countries, particularly in East Asia, they are the driving force of the economy. For instance, in Hong Kong, SMEs account for over 98% of the total establishments and provide job opportunities to about 1.3 million persons, about 60% of total employment.4 According to the Strategic Industrial and SMEs Plan 2010-2013, the emergence of SMEs in the Mauritius has contributed significantly to employment, output and entrepreneurship development within the industrial sector. The last census of the Central Statistical Office carried in 2007 reveals that there are around 91 980 small enterprises operating in Mauritius, an increase of about 22% from the 2002 figure of 74, 928. The survey also showed an increase of 18.8 % in the number of persons engaged by these institutions, from 175, 791 in 2002, to 208,797 in 2007, representing approximately 40% of employment. Furthermore, contribution to the Gross Domestic Product was 20%. 2. Currently the body regulating SMEs in Mauritius replacing the SEHDA 3. Mauritian SME Portal 4. Mauritian SME portal 5. CSO survey 2007 SMEs which are registered with the SMEDA2 and which will be under scrutiny in this study are categorised into 12 sectors as at 2010, namely, Food and Beverages, Leather and Garments, Wood and Furniture, Paper products and Printing, Chemical, Rubber and plastic, Handicrafts, Pottery and Ceramic, Jewellery and Related Items, Fabricated Metal Products, Profession/Vocation/Occupation, Trade and Commerce, Business Support Service Sector, Others.3 These total to around 6421 enterprises. Objectives of the study Having explained the various definitions of Small and Medium Enterprises and pointed out their importance and contribution to the Mauritian economy, it is now clear that these institutions play a key role in our country. Enterprises in developing countries, including Mauritius are facing far more competitive environments in this fast moving technological world (World Bank,1999). They are offered various facilities to start their business as well as to continue and also expand. Among those facilities we find financing, training, business counseling, marketing, information technology and export incentives. These are available with a view of better performance from these enterprises and also to make them more cost effective, produce better products in terms of design, quality and reliability to thus be able to compete with not only larger companies on the local market but also on the foreign market. Now, with the creation of many support institutions such as the Small and Medium Enterpr ises Development Authority (SMEDA), National Women Entrepreneur Council (NWEC), Human Resources Development Council (HRDC), Enterprise Mauritius (EM), Mauritius Employers Federation (MEF), Development Bank of Mauritius (DBM), Mauritius Business Growth Scheme (MBGS) which see to it that SMEs lack in nothing to operate, the latter have to take full advantage of these conveniences and also make the best use of them and thus reduce waste of resources. The main aim of this study is to analyse whether these facilities are being given in the right amount, too much, or too little in assistance of SMEs. Other objectives are as follows: Assess whether SMEs are taking full advantage of these facilities. Consider whether proper use is being made of aid and there is minimum waste of resources Investigate which of these facilities are more important for the creation and sustenance of SMEs 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 A look at the need for facilities It is now recognised that Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) make a significant contribution to the socio-economic and political infrastructure of developed and developing countries as well as the nations in transition from command to market economies (Matlay and Westhead 2005). Harper (1998) notes that the relative and absolute importance of small enterprises has grown enormously over the last twenty years; this real growth has been matched by appreciation of their role. SMEs were once considered as mere stepping stones to real business, but now they are being viewed as being a vital contributor to the income and development of people. It therefore follows that countries should be ready to help those businesses which come forward with viable projects in terms of providing aid such as finance, marketing, training, adoption of new technologies, export incentives and business counseling. Furthermore, it is also expected from these business units to make full use of such incentiv es being provided to them, usually at lower cost. A look at those incentives will show that while necessary, some are difficult to obtain and some are not used optimally even though they are available much easily. Below, is a detailed look at all the facilities that will be covered in the study. 2.2.1 Financing Importance of finance Financing is one of the most important success factors of any business, and Small and Medium Enterprises are no exception. Financing helps them set up and expand their operations, develop new products, and invest in new staff or production facilities. Many small businesses are created by one or two people, who might start by investing their own money and/or taking loans from friends and family, or loans from financial institutions. After some time in operation, if they are successful, there comes a time when they will feel the need to expand (OECD, 2006). Therefore, finance being the backbone of all firms, it should be accorded much attention. SMEs are today considered by many countries to be of a key importance to the growth of their economy in terms of GDP contribution and also job creation. It therefore follows that these institutions should be having no difficulties in finding funds to not only start their enterprise, but also for sustenance and growth. However, according to the United Nations, the lack of financial assistance is a persistent problem and it is the most serious barrier to SME growth and expansion. Available funds are often diverted to the larger enterprises and only an insignificant number of SMEs seem able to attract bank financing (UN, 1993). Westhead and Wright (2000) state that the absence of adequate funding represents a major obstacle to the entrepreneurial process in a firm regardless of size, location or type of economic activity. Some life style entrepreneurs can satisfy their small firms financial needs by requesting loans from their families, friends or acquaintances (Hussain and Matlay, 2007). Typically, however, it remains a fact that the vast majority of growth oriented SMEs rely on long-term funding made available by banks, financial institutions or venture capitalists. Research has shown that banks hesitate in giving finance aid to small businesses. Pasadilla (2010, p.7) pointed out that banks, in both normal and crisis period, usually give priority to low-risk borrowers like large enterprises with profitable investments and sound collateral (ADBI Working Paper 2010, p.7). Banks may avoid providing financing to certain types of SMEs, in particular, start ups and very young firms that typically lack sufficient collateral, or firms whose activities offer the possibilities of high returns but at a substantial risk of loss (OECD 2006, p.3). The lack of collateral being a prime reason for SMEs not obtaining finance, another rationale is that banks might still prefer to grant loans to large and less risky companies rather than SMEs. Additionally information asymmetries and inappropriate business plans might also be considerable factors resulting in little or no access to finance.*(Asia Pacific Environmental innovation strategies APEIS 2004). However, as Cosh and Hughes (2003) point out, banks remain the main supplier of external SME finance, though there may be various financing constraints. The main source of finance to SMEs are bank loans. For example, in the UK, the most predominant way of financing small businesses remains bank loans (D.Irwin and J.Scott 2009, p.2) As a response to the lack of collateral issue, countries might come up with Loan Guarantee schemes by either public or private sector. The main aim of such a scheme is to encourage financial institutions to offer finance to SMEs. Under this scheme, the government provides a guarantee to the lending banks on specific types of loans to potentially viable SMEs (National Economic Research Associates, 1990). In return, SMEs pay a premium to the government. Moreover, there are also collateral free schemes to alleviate the problem of lack of collaterals. In this scheme, the SMEs are not required to provide any guarantee at all. In India, SIDBI, UNIDO and Indian Institute for Rural Development (IIRD) have successfully implemented this kind of scheme (APEIS, 2004) Leasing also shows up as an attempt to avoid collaterals. The lessor will remains owner of the asset and the lessee will be required to pay amounts at regular intervals for the use of the leased equipment, vehicle, or any other asset on lease. At the end, the asset can be sold at a minimum price to the lessee. Indeed, leasing is a very common way of financing assets in many countries. Other means of obtaining finance can be through Equity financing, that is issuing shares to meet long term capital need, Overdraft where SMEs will be allowed to withdraw money in excess of their actual bank balance, however they will be faced with rather high interest rates Mutual Guarantee Scheme which as stated the Commission of the European Communities, give a collective guarantee for appropriations provided to their members, who in return contribute to raise the equity and participate in the management of the mutual society 2.2.2 Training Training has been defined as a planned and systematic effort to modify or develop knowledge, skills and attitudes through learning experiences, to achieve effective performance in an activity or a range of activities (Garavan et al, 1997). It has been advocated as essential for every job (Tyler, 2005) and SMEs make use of training facilities to varying extents and varying success. Training certainly brings about learning experience which has for aim to improve a persons ability to perform a job. Traditionally, it focuses on technical knowledge, skills and abilities to complete current tasks (Treven, 2003). When trained, SMEs will attain a higher knowledge of not only the product they are developing but also about issues like how to be abreast to better technology, how to approach people for example suppliers, clients, employees with better tact through human resources training. Furthermore, training provided to employees will increase the quality of labour employed in the product mak ing. The British Chamber of Commerce (2007) points out that with proper training scheme, SMEs will be able to preserve their staff. Training to SMEs can be : For the potential entrepreneur For employees of the enterprise Geared towards product development Adoption of new technology, for example moving from manual system to computerized For owners on human resource management On financial issues, e.g. costing, investment appraisal, budgeting and forecasting How to market the product However, according to Stanworth and Gray (1992), there has been an identification of industry effects and size effects in responsiveness to training; with very small firms being least interested in providing employee training. Size and industry in which the SMEs operate can indeed play an important role in whether the SMEs train or not. Small sized companies will be least interested in providing training for factors such as financial issues, and also due to practical considerations. For example, as Kailer (1988) states, SMEs might be reluctant to release employees to attend training interventions. Furthermore, training provided may be too general and not of specific relevance to the SME, resulting in the sector providing fewer training interventions (Westhead and Storey, 1996). Other disincentives that SMEs might face into not providing training is the little potential that these enterprises have in offering higher pay, and they are less equipped to provide internal promotions for employees. As Westhead and Storey (1996) argue, such characteristics, when combined with the resultant increased risk that employees may be poached lead to lower instances of SME training. Moreover, SMEs are often not aware of the training needs of their enterprise. They do not have the proper staff to analyse such need and advise them into providing some training. As a result, SMEs provide more informal*refers to mostly on the job training, tutoring and mentoring than formal* training in a systematic approach, more like seminars, grouping targeted trainees under one roof. training. Many SMEs admit that their training provisions are informal but are of the opinion that only formal training is real training (Curran,2000). However, very often due to financial constraints, SMEs prefer other forms of training. A study* Training needs and human resource development analysis of SMEs in Mauritius by the European Commission for the Human Resources Development Council of Mauritius in 2008 showed that of the 300 SMEs which interviewed, only 35 % trained on a regular basis and were aware of the training grants operated by the HRDC, and of these, only 31 % have used it. These SMEs tended to adopt in-house training. Reasons stated for training were mainly for business development and because of the company policy and reasons not to train included the reluctance of specialised skills, and the fact that the employees were already qualified. It was also found that there were significant differences between those enterprises that provided training on a regular basis and those which did not. A positive link was found between the propensity to grow and propensity to train. To encourage SMEs to train more, government can provide incentives, such as free training or financial aid, help to cope with labour shortages and hiring difficulties and provision more information to create better awareness. In central and eastern Canada, an important tool to promote training in small businesses is the provision of information about the courses and setting up of additional government programs (Andreea Dulipovici, 2003) 2.2.3 Marketing Literature of marketing Marketing is a vital and indispensable business activity for all types of organizations that create and offer products of value Marketing in Mauritius 2.2.4 ICT and SMEs For countries in the vanguard of the world economy, the balance between knowledge and resources has shifted so far towards the former that knowledge has become perhaps the most important factor determining the standard of living more than land, than tools, than labour. Todays most technologically advanced economies are truly knowledge-based. World Development Report, 1999 As the global economy becomes increasingly reliant on information and communications technology (ICT) to receive, process, and send out information, small businesses do not have to be left out. Adoption of the latest technology or at least basic tools of ICT helps small enterprises to better merge with the developing economy, and operate more cost effectively. It can help SMEs create business opportunities, combat pressures from competition and improve their products through faster communication with their clients and marketing of products online. In 2000, an organization that used paper took on average 7.4 days to move a purchase from request to approval, but if done electronically, only took 1.5 days (Cassidy, 2002) UNESCAP and UNDP-APDIP have collaborated extensively to help formulate strategic policies and building the necessary environment to encourage SMEs take advantage of the Internet to create business opportunities in Asia and the Pacific. Many countries such as India, Republic of Korea, and Taiwan have created suitable environments to ensure that SMEs are well positioned to capture emerging business opportunities in terms of better technology. India, for example, offered relief from import duties for IT hardware, tax deductions for income earned form software exports, and tax holidays, and developed infrastructure in Software Technology Parks*A strategic review of the software industry in India 1998-1999. At the outset it is not necessary that all SMEs need to adopt ICT tools to the same degree of sophistication (UNDP,2007). The relationship between ICT and SMEs starts on a ground as simple as the use of a telephone to contact suppliers, clients. A fixed line or a mobile phone will do, whichever is more cost effective. Another most common tool used is of course the Personal Computers (PCs). The latter are very helpful for simple information processing needs such as producing texts, writing letters, keeping track of accounting items using basic software. PCs can also be used to access the Internet for more advanced communications capabilities such as email, file sharing, creating websites, searching for information, Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP)* 30% of Skypes*VoIP programme used to communicate via the internet. Worldwide subscribers are primarily SMEs, and e-commerce. Electronic commerce has been defined as the process of buying and selling goods and services electronically through computerized business transactions using the Internet, networks and other digital technologies (Lauden and Lauden, 2000). It also encompasses activities supporting market transactions such as advertising, marketing, customer support, delivery and payment. ICT oriented SMEs might use advanced Information Technology software such as Enterprise Resource Planning*offers a single repository for information on all business functions. which can capture cost savings, or SCM software which helps increase productivity, efficiency of inventory controls, and increase sales through closer relationships and faster delivery times. These allow SMEs to better coordinate their business, especially if the latter is growing and diversifying. The extent to which ICT will be adopted in SMEs will depend on the size of the business, on the benefits its adoption is planned to bring, on the ICT capacity of the SME and its employees and also on the financing capabilities. Despite the advantages that adoption of ICT demonstrates, many SMEs do not make use of it. For example, 90% of Thai SMEs still use basic communication technology such as fixed phone line and fax, and only 1% use CRM software. In Malaysia, only 30% of the local SMEs have their own website, and not all of them are updated regularly. Fuller(1993) points out that despite the number of benefits to be gained from technology, based on the users perspective ,SMEs adopt technology according to their self assessments of how the new technologies will change bottom line profitability. 2.2.5 Business counselling and access to information 2.2.6 Export Incentives 2.3 Support institutions As Wignaraja and Oneil (1999) argue, for the size of the country and its stage of development, Mauritius has a particularly wide range of support services for the SME sector. The availability of such support is mainly ensured by the Government, parastatal bodies and financial institutions. Below is a deeper look at those institutions in Mauritius. 2.3.1 The Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority Looking back at the historical background of institutions supporting SMEs in Mauritius, we find the creation of the Small Industry Unit (SSIU), established under the aegis of the then Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The SSIU became the Small Industry Development Organisation (SIDO) in 1983. 10 years later, the Small and Medium Industry Development Organisation was set up for further development of the SME sector in Mauritius. The SMIDO later merged with the National Handicraft Promotion Agency (NHPA) to form the Small Enterprises and Handicraft Development Authority (SEHDA), whose main aim was to provide support to potential and existing SMEs. More recently (date needed) the SEHDA was replaced by the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority. It is an agency of the Government that has aims like supporting and facilitating the development of entrepreneurship and SMEs in Mauritius. Apart from providing a range of services to the SME sector, SMEDA tries to sensitise the population, through workshops and seminars organized throughout the country, about The benefits of entrepreneurship Key issues/steps to consider and, procedures to follow when starting a business, and Facilities and resources provided by the SMEDA and other support institutions Services offered by the SMEDA Ease of Financing The SMEDA works in collaboration with the DBM to offer some financing aid to SMEs. In fact, DBM is the bank through which the Government provides finance at lower costs to SMEs. The SMEDA along with the bank provides a Booster (Micro Credit) Loan with a maximum amount of Rs 150, 000 at an interest charge of 9% per annum. No collateral is needed, but the entrepreneurs signing up for that loan need to provide a general floating charge as security. For this kind of loan, there is no need to submit a business plan. This amount is provided for the purchase of equipment and raw materials. The loan is repayable within 5 years and applies to enterprises in manufacturing, handicraft, trade, ICT and agriculture. Another loan is provided for an amount not exceeding Rs 40, 000, interest charge of 8.5 % per annum The SMEDA also provides grants under the Aegis of the Government Moreover DBM offers other financing schemes such as : The Business Development Loan scheme this applies to Manufacturing, Trade and Service, Transport, ICT, Tourism, Art and participation in overseas trade fairs and surveys. Business Counselling and Facilitation SMEDA helps potential entrepreneurs to prepare a business plan in order for them to secure financing from institutions, mainly the DBM. A Business Plan is one where the potential investor will lay down the description of his thought business and its plans for the next one to three years. It shows what the selected market of the product will be, and also indicates the finance available and what will be needed more to implement the project. As far as business counselling is concerned, potential entrepreneurs SMEDA provides advice about different issues such as discussing and finalizing their business idea. Also, not well-informed entrepreneurs obtain help on issues such as registering of the business, and other steps to follow in establishing their enterprise. Existing entrepreneurs are counselled about the difficulties they come up with, and how to take their business to the next level. SMEDA has also come up with an incubator system which helps entrepreneurs who lack physical space to carry on a project, given that the project is a viable one. The incubator is situated at the head office, in Coromandel. Information and Documentation A website has been recently created to help existing and potential businesspersons in their quest of running a business. This facility helps the cited persons to gather any information they need to set up a business, advice on market research, business plans, importance of financing and financing schemes, training schedules and locations, marketing and fairs organised, articles published by local as well as international bodies, online forms, support institutions are provided online. The site is as follows http://www.gov.mu/portal/sites/smeportal/index.htm. Furthermore, there is the Documentation Centre which gives access to entrepreneurs and the general public to a collection of books, journals, magazines, project files and reports on various sectors. Training 2.3.2 Chapter 3 : Research methodology

The Two Nation Theory

i) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan: The man who spoke first the Muslims as a â€Å"nation† in the modern times was none other than Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. In 1867, he said: â€Å"I am convinced that both these nations will not join whole heartedly in anything. At present there is no open hostility between the two nations. But on accounts of so called educated people it will increase in the future. † Analyzing on the demand of Indian National Congress for introduction of parliamentary elections he said: â€Å"The proposals of congress are exceeding expediently for a country which is inhabited by two different nations. Now suppose if the English leave India who would be the ruler of India? Is it possible under these circumstances that the two nations, the Indians and the Muslims would sit on the same throne? Most certainly not. It is necessary that one of them should surrender the other. To hope that both would remain equal is to desire the impossible. † ii) Allama Iqbal: He was a great philosopher and political thinker. He had studied Islam deeply and had profound likening for the Islamic principles. He compared the western culture with Islam and reached the conclusion that the welfare of mankind laid in the adoption of Islam as a way of life. He awakened the Muslims of the subcontinent and asked them to struggle for a separate homeland. This he did through his poetry. He said: â€Å"I am fully convinced that the Muslims of India will ultimately have to establish a separate homeland as they cannot live with Hindus in United India. † Allama Iqbal openly negated the concept of one nation and emphasize on the separate national identity of Muslims. He was against the separation of religion from politics: â€Å"India is a continent of human beings belonging to different languages and religions. To base a constitution on the conception of homogenous India is to prepare her for civil war. I, therefore demand a separate Muslim state in the best interest of the Muslims of India and Islam. † The Allahabad address: The Allahabad address of Allama Iqbal carries great importance in the freedom struggle of the Muslims of India. In his presidential address he classified the two nation theory and demanded a separate homeland for the Indian Muslims. He said: â€Å"I declare that the protection of the separate identity is in the best interest of Hindus and the Muslims. Since the Muslims of the sub-continent are a separate nation with their distinct culture and religious values and they wanted to have a system of their own liking, they should be allowed to live under such a system in a separate state comprising of north western frontier province Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan. † The spirit which Iqbal infused in the Muslims by his Allahabad address developed into an ideological basis for the Pakistan movement. The famous Pakistan resolution passed on March 23, 1940 at Lahore was in fuel based on Allama Iqbal’s presidential address of Allahabad. iii) Quaid-i-Azam: Quaid-i-Azam gave practical shape to the ideology given and enunciated by Allama Iqbal. He was at last successful in convincing the Hindus and the British of the reality of two nation theory and the Pakistan ideology. Jinnah, after entering into politics advocated Hindu-Muslim unity. He wanted joint effort of Hindus and Muslims. Thus, he came to be known as the â€Å"Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity†. Lakhnow pact became possible for his sincere acts in (1916) but later on he was greatly disappointed by the prejudicial attitude of Hindus and Congress towards Muslims. Now Jinnah believed that Congress will never recognize rights of Muslims. He said in the second round table Conference (1931). â€Å"I want to inform everybody openly that the Hindu-Muslim dispute must be settled before the enforcement of any system or constituent. Until you cannot provide guarantee for the safeguard of the Muslims interests, until you do not win their co-operation, any constituent you enforce shall not last for even 24 hours. Jinnah was a firm advocate of two-nation theory. On March 23, 1940 he said: â€Å"It has been taken mistakenly that the Muslims are a minority. They are not a minority. They are a nation by all definitions. By all canons of international law we are a separate nation from Hindus. † In 1942 he said: â€Å"We are a nation with our distinct culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of values, legal laws and moral codes, customs and calendars, history†¦we have our own outlook on life and of life. He further defined the two nation theory, â€Å"The Muslims are a nation by every right to establish their separate homeland. They can adopt any mean to promote and protect their economic, social, political and cultural interests. † In 1942 he said: â€Å"Islam teaches equality, justice and fair play with everyone. We should base our democracy on the principles and concepts of Islam. † He said on 1947 at Islamic College Peshawar: â€Å"We did not want Pakistan to have a piece of land simply but we wanted a laboratory where we could experiment the Islamic principles. † S yed – Iqbal – Jinnah: from unity stance to separatism. Introduction: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah are considered as the key personalities in the history of Muslim nationalism in the sub-continent. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan gave the idea of the two nations, Allama Iqbal dreamed a separate homeland for the Muslims in the basis of this theory and Jinnah made it a reality. But the history is self evidence of the facts that Syed, Iqbal and Jinnah, originally, were not in favor of separatism but the conditions were created in which they were forced to shift from unity stance to separatism. Let us now see why Muslim leaders changed their stance. Sir Syed: Sir Syed — the pioneer of Aligarh Movement, is criticized by some Hindu Historians as anti-Hindu or a narrow communalist in his outlook. This can be repudiated by the fact that, his efforts were decelerated towards the promotion and advancement of all his countrymen, with of course a special reference to the position of Muslims as they were the fallen community. The translation society established at Ghazipur in 1964 which later on developed into Aligarh scientific society, whose object was to translate European literature into Urdu was being managed by Syed Ahmad’s life long friend ‘Raja Kishan Das. Similarly the British Indian Association established in 1866, with the object of keeping in touch with the members of the House of Common was composed of both Hindus and Muslims. He was evidently not addressing his own community when at the inauguration of the British Indian Association he said, â€Å"The Indians (Hindus and Muslims) are loyal to the British. † The year 1867 is particularly significant in the life of Indian Muslims. Syed Ahmed Khan was posted at Banaris when he sent a communication to the viceroy suggesting the establishment of a Vernacular University and a bureau of translation to translate University text books into Urdu. As a counter proposal that the Urdu language written in Persian script should he discontinued in the government courts and therefore should be replaced by Hindi Language written in Devaragri script. It was the first occasion when he felt that it was now impossible for the Hindus and Muslims to progress as a single nation and for anyone to work for both of them. Simultaneously, he met the commission of Banaris and discussed the problems of Muslim education. The British official was surpassed at the change and said: â€Å"Hitherto, you have always been keen at the welfare of Indians in General; this is the first occasion that I have heard about the progress of Muslims alone. † He also said, â€Å"Hindu and Muslims are like the two eyes of a beautiful bride† Allama Iqbal: Allama Iqbal was a poet and philosopher of India. He too was an ardent advocate of Indian Nationalism and Hindu Muslim unity in his early career. He was shifted from this stance in England during his study of western nationalism. The local political situation and Hindu Muslim siftS left its impression over his mind. But the thing which transformed him from a great exponent of Indian nationalism to the advocate of Indian nationalism and pan-Islamic was the modern nationalism which had divided nations into warring groups resulting into two world wars. This was a positive approach. He wanted to solve Hindu-Muslim problems for once and all. In his early career he did his utmost to integrate Indian nations, but the time proved that his spiritualism and ideological change was the exigency of the time. In 1909, when he was invited to Amritsar to attend a meeting of a cosmopolitan organization with the membership opened to the Hindus and the Muslims. Iqbal; politely declined the invitation and in the course of correspondence that ensured, he wrote: â€Å"I have myself been of the view that religious differences should disappear from the country, and even now I act on this principle in my private life. But now, I think the preservation in their separate nation enclitics in desirable for both the Hindus and Muslims. The vision of a common nationhood for India is a beautiful idea, and has a poetic appeal but looking to the present conditions and the unconscious trends of the two communities this idea appears incapable of fulfillment. Jinnah: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who led the battle for the creation of Pakistan, was however quiet a late convert to the creed of Pakistani nationalism. He strived for a long time for a ‘modus ivendi’ between Hindus and Muslims in an undivided India. He was described by Mrs. Sarojai Naido as the ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity. Gopal K. Gokhle was a literal leader of Indian national Congress who emphasized Hindu Muslim unity and under his influence Jinnah joined Indian National Congress in hope to bring the two communities into closer accord. From 1906 to 1920, when he left the Congress Jinnah stood for separate electorates not so much to stre ngthen the Muslims separatist tendency, but to bring them upon the economic and cultural level of the rest of the Indians. His efforts in the direction of Hindu-Muslim unity were unquestioned. Even when the relations between Hindus and Muslims were steadily deteriorating despite numerous efforts made between 1921 and 1928 to bring the two nationalities together, Jinnah’s faith in Hindu Muslim unity did not weaken. But the cunningness of the Nehru report and later events slowly and gradually transferred this ambassador of Hindu Muslim unity to an extreme concept of Muslims separatism in India.

The Secret Truth on Good Arguentative Essay Topics for College Exposed

The Secret Truth on Good Arguentative Essay Topics for College Exposed The Advantages of Good Arguentative Essay Topics for College Writing the college application essay is a difficult gig. For instance, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing perspective. The very first step is where a lot of students become stuck. College is for a high amount of study. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to individuals who are rather interested in how you'll manage the subsequent four years all on your own. The more research you can do in order to secure better at your upcoming profession, the better. To start with, the author ought to take care of the outline. While you might not get the odds of attempting all of them, select the field which interests you, select any topic and get started writing. The shortage of fantastic support sources will end in a decrease grade. 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Once every so often, your professor might provide you the liberty of writing an argumentative essay for college on the subject of your choice. If you're in a college and wish to compose an argumentative essay, you should pick a subject of high importance. It is an impossible task to develop the powerful, persuasive paper or speech without understanding how to compose an excellent argumentative essay. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't tricky to discover. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. There are several good persuasive essay topics to pick from. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but remember to do your homework on what the present laws about your favorite topic actually say. Moreover, in-text citations will present your awareness of the various papers formats. So be certain that you decide on a subject, which has values in it. When you're choosing an essay topic, it is necessary to choose one which has lots of information and statistics to strengthen your standpoint, and don't exaggerate any info that you've chosen to write about. Key Pieces of Good Arguentative Essay Topics for College For an argumentative essay it's smart to set up three claims which provides a strong reason behind your stance on the topic issue. After all, it's one of the most truly effective strategies to resist corruption and other consequences of false authorities. Argue element which resulted in the holocaust. Does a superb lawyer has an effect on the results of a murder trial in the united states. The Good Arguentative Essay Topics for College Trap Doing sports in college ought to be mandatory. Explain your commitments, and you are going to be the type of student colleges find immensely attractive. They are not looking for perfect people. They are more likely to admit students who can articulate specific reasons why the school is a good fit for them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. Odds are, other individuals also feel the very same waywhich usually means it would earn a compelling topic for a persuasive speech. There are a lot of things you wish to live, many things you feel, and you simply don't know if a number of the situations you do are ok or not. One of the greatest methods to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. On the opposite side, obtaining a list of good persuasive essay topics is insufficient. The more information you may gather about the subject, the better prepared you'll be for writing your essay. 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The Constitution And The Bill Of Rights - 1294 Words

Reasonably measure of individuals can contend that numerous dialects are talked in the Unified States, however English is without no question is the national dialect. Our establishing fathers fabricated this nation by composing the Constitution and the Bill of Rights in English. Be that as it may, I do trust that the instructive framework here in the Unified States needs to educate the understudies a moment dialect, particularly Spanish since it is the second most talked dialect. As per Wikipedia, approximately forty-four million individuals here in the Assembled States are Hispanic and thirty-eight million beyond five years old communicate in Spanish at home. On May 19, 2006, an article named, Senate votes to Set English as†¦show more content†¦What is the Inhhofe revision? The Inhofe Alteration was a revision to the Complete Migration Change Demonstration of 2006, a Unified States Senate charge that would have changed current movement laws permitting more foreigners into t he Assembled States. The revision was passed by the Senate on May 18, 2006 by a vote of 62-35. This relates to the paper since this revision was voted on an indistinguishable day from they voted to permit more foreigners to go to the USA yet they authoritatively made English the official dialect of the Assembled States. As Representative Ken Salazar clarifies it, these votes and passing the correction has gained America s ground to go ahead really go in reverse. As I am half-Hispanic and half-White it is obligatory for me to have the capacity to learn Spanish and English. Additionally, on the off chance that you live in South Florida which I do you should have the capacity to figure out how to communicate in Spanish. Numerous Hispanics dwell in South Florida, particularly in the Miami territory. Very nearly 68% of the populace in Miami are Hispanic. In any case, it doesn t change the way that most Hispanics decline to learn English and trust that we ought to just communicate in Span ish to them. As a Spaniard, I trust this isn t right. My mom originated from Spain 25 years prior, and she was resolved to learn English since she needed to learn it for her employment. Incidentally, we lived in Miami too. Carl HulseShow MoreRelatedThe Bill Of Rights And The Constitution1530 Words   |  7 PagesBefore dealing with individual amendments I would like to deal with the entire Bill of Rights and the constitution itself. The framers of the Constitution were wary of ceding too much power to the federal government. They rightly believed many local citizens would never make it to the capital but would interact with local government, so the power should be kept at the most local level possible. 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