Opiates And The Law Essay -- essays research papers fc

Opiates And The LawIllicit do drugs use and the debate surrounding the sundry(a) legal options available to the government in an effort to curtail it is nothing new to America. Since the enactment of the Harrison Narcotic Act in 1914 (Erowid) the public has struggled with how to effectively atomic reactor with this phenomena, from catching individual users to deciding what to do with those who are convicted (DEA). Complicating the issue further is the ever-expanding list of substances available for abuse. Some are concocted in basements or bathtubs by drug addicts themselves, some in the labs of multinational pharmaceutical companies, and still others are just old compounds waiting for society to discover them.Almost overnight wiz such venerable substance (or class of substances) has been catapulted into the national spotlight prescription painkillers, namely those derived from the opium poppy. This class of analgesic encompasses everything from the codeine in prescription cough syrup to the morphine utilize in the management of sever pain. These compounds are commonly referred to as opiates and are produced naturally by the poppy. The sub-class of this type that has gotten all of the attention recently is the opioids, which are semi-synthetic compounds derived from the opiates (Wade 846). Opioids were actual for a variety of reasons, such as reducing the cost of production (morphine is expensive to synthesize) and attempting to reduce the addictiveness of the drugs.And addictive they are. Heroin is perhaps the best-known opioid around, and arguably one of the most addictive substances known to man. Opiates and opioids (hereafter generically referred to as opioids) function by attaching to receptor sites in the body called mu-receptors, which are primarily located in the chief and the digestive system. When these receptors are activated in the brain they produce a rush of euphoria and a groggy state of well being (it is elicit to note that studies have shown that this action does not eliminate the pain one is feeling, but merely changes ones perception of it) (Kalb). The body quickly becomes tolerant of this, however, and abuse a great deal follows a steep dosage curve requiring that more and more of the drug be taken to produce the same effect. Long-term abusers develop... ...keep them from indulging their habit. The truth of the bet is no one change or modification to existing policy will have much effect if any, on the current state of affairs. It isnt enough to ban drugs, we must work to understand their allure and the intricate mechanisms in our brains and in our psychology that make some of us too weak to resist the temptation. Only with this sort of concentrated effort will we see any progress.Works CitedErowid Psychoactive Vaults. Home Page. 6 April 2001. .Kalb, Claudia. Playing With Painkillers. Newsweek 9 April 2001 45-47.Richwine, Lisa. US Launches Fight Against Prescription Drug Abuse. YahooNews. 10 April 2001 .Ros enberg, Debra. How One Town Got Hooked. Newsweek. 9 April 2001 48-51.Sacco, Vincent F, and Kennedy, Leslie W. The Criminal Event. New York Wadsworth, 1996.United States Drug Enforcement Agency. Home Page. 6 April 2001. .Wade, L.G. Jr. original Chemistry. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 1999 846-847.

Catcher In The Rye- Use Of Lan :: essays research papers

Not many great newfangleds were produced during the post World War II era. Perhaps the greatest novel published was J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye. This book, just like in all other great works, was met by scathing criticism and unyielding praise. Many literary critics marveled at Salingers genius use of language to make Holden Caulfield, the main character, unbelievably realistic. Through Holdens thoughts and dialogues, Salinger successfully created a teenage boy. Because of that The Catcher in the Rye became one of the few great post World War II works.The language used in The Catcher in the Rye has been a topic of controversy in the literary critics realm. Holden Caulfields thoughts and comments serve to deepen his personality and provide entertainment. Salinger wanted to create a representative teenager but also wanted Holden to be an individual. Like most teenagers, Holden speaks in trite sentences however he also uses words in places that were past uncommon. Holden often leaves his sentences dangling with words like "and all" and "or anything." Often he uses those phrase to extend some indescribable emotion or activity like " how my parents were occupied and all before they had me" or "theyre nice and all." But many times there is no significance at all to the expressions as in "was in the Revolutionary War and all," "It was December and all" and "no gloves or anything." (Salinger 5-7) Holden has many expressions which appear consistently throughout the novel. Some places, the expressions besides serve to make Holden more realistic, other places Holden is trying to reinforce his values. Holden repeatedly comments on his hatred toward phonies. That is one thing that Holden hates more than almost anything. That could be the footing he frequently confirms a statement with "I really do," "It really does," or "if you want to know the truth." He also confirms comment s by repeating them twice like "She likes me a lot. I mean shes quite fond of me." (Salinger 141) or "He was a very nervous guy- I mean a very nervous guy." (Salinger 165) He uses different phrases and styles to give a more factual backing to his comments, thus preventing himself from seeming like a phony. Holdens voice communication usually stays away vulgar and obscene. Whenever he says words like "ass," it is merely teenage vernacular for a part of the human anatomy. He doesnt say it to be offensive.